And can you also give 5 examples of each of rhem ? Thanks!
Answers:
accumulation: Summarization of previous arguments in a forceful manner
adnominatio: Repetition of a word with a change in letter or sound
alliteration: A series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike
anacoluthon: A change in the syntax within a sentence
anadiplosis: Repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another
anaphora: The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
anastrophe: Inversion of the usual word order
anticlimax: the arrangement of words in order of decreasing importance
antimetabole: Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order
antistrophe: The repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses
antithesis: The juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas
aphorismus: statement that calls into question the definition of a word
aposiopesis: Breaking off or pausing speech for dramatic or emotional effect
apostrophe: Directing the attention away from the audience and to a personified abstraction
apposition: The placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first
assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse
asteismus: Facetious or mocking answer that plays on a word
asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions between related clauses
cacophony: The juxtaposition of words producing a harsh sound
classification (literature & grammar): linking a proper noun and a common noun with an article
chiasmus: Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses
climax: The arrangement of words in order of increasing importance
consonance: The repetition of consonant sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse
Diorimazeau
dystmesis: A synonym for tmesis
ellipsis: Omission of words
enallage: The substitution of forms that are grammatically different, but have the same meaning
enthymeme: Informal method of presenting a syllogism
epanalepsis: Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence.
epistrophe: The counterpart of anaphora
euphony: The opposite of cacophony - i.e. pleasant sounding
hendiadys: Use of two nouns to express an idea when the normal structure would be a noun and a modifier
hendiatris: Use of three nouns to express one idea
hypallage: Changing the order of words so that they are associated with words normally associated with others
hyperbaton: Schemes featuring unusual or inverted word order
isocolon: Use of parallel structures of the same length in successive clauses
internal rhyme : Using two or more rhyming words in the same sentence
kenning: A metonymic compound where the terms together form a sort of synecdoche
non sequitur: a statement that bears no relationship to the context preceding
merism: Referring to a whole by enumerating some of its parts
parallelism: The use of similar structures in two or more clauses
paraprosdokian: Unexpected ending or truncation of a clause
parenthesis: Insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence
paroemion: A resolute alliteration in which every word in a sentence or phrase begins with the same letter
parrhesia: Speaking openly or boldly, or apologizing for doing so (declaring to do so)
perissologia: The fault of wordiness
pleonasm: The use of superfluous or redundant words
polyptoton: Repetition of words derived from the same root
polysyndeton: Repetition of conjunctions
pun: When a word or phrase is used in two different senses
sibilance: Repetition of letter 's', it is a form of alliteration
synchysis: Interlocked word order
synesis: An agreement of words according to the sense, and not the grammatical form
synizesis: The pronunciation of two juxtaposed vowels or diphthongs as a single sound
synonymia: The use of two or more synonyms in the same clause or sentence
tautology: Redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice
tmesis: Division of the elements of a compound word
allegory: An extended metaphor in which a story is told to illustrate an important attribute of the subject
allusion: An indirect reference to another work of literature or art
anacoenosis: Posing a question to an audience, often with the implication that it shares a common interest with the speaker
antanaclasis: A form of pun in which a word is repeated in two different senses
anthimeria: The substitution of one part of speech for another, often turning a noun into a verb
antiphrasis: A word or words used contradictory to their usual meaning, often with irony
antonomasia: The substitution of a phrase for a proper name or vice versa
aphorism: A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion, an adage
apophasis: Invoking an idea by denying its invocation
aporia: Deliberating with oneself, often with the use of rhetorical questions
apostrophe: Addressing a thing, an abstraction or a person not present
archaism: Use of an obsolete, archaic, word(a word used in olden language, e.g. Shakespeare's language)
auxesis: A form of hyperbole, in which a more important sounding word is used in place of a more descriptive term
catachresis: A mixed metaphor (sometimes used by design and sometimes a rhetorical fault)
circumlocution: "Talking around" a topic by substituting or adding words, as in euphemism or periphrasis
commiseration: Evoking pity in the audience.
correctio: Linguistic device used for correcting one's mistakes, a form of which is epanorthosis.
denominatio: Another word for metonymy
epanorthosis: Immediate and emphatic self-correction, often following a slip of the tongue.
erotema: Synonym for rhetorical question
euphemism: Substitution of a less offensive or more agreeable term for another
hermeneia: Repetition for the purpose of interpreting what has already been said
hyperbole: Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis
hypophora: Answering one's own rhetorical question at length
hysteron proteron: Reversal of anticipated order of events
innuendo: Having a hidden meaning in a sentence that makes sense whether it is detected or not
invocation: An apostrophe to a god or muse
irony: Use of word in a way that conveys a meaning opposite to its usual meaning
litotes: Emphasizing the magnitude of a statement by denying its opposite
malapropism: Using a word through confusion with a word that sounds similar
meiosis: Use of understatement, usually to diminish the importance of something
metalepsis: Referring to something through reference to another thing to which it is remotely related
metaphor: An implied comparison of two unlike things
metonymy: Substitution of a word to suggest what is really meant
neologism: The use of a word or term that has recently been created, or has been in use for a short time. Opposite of archaism.
onomatopoeia: Words that sound like their meaning
oxymoron: Using two terms together, that normally contradict each other
parable: An extended metaphor told as an anecdote to illustrate or teach a moral lesson
paradox: Use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth
paralipsis: Drawing attention to something while pretending to pass it over
paronomasia: A form of pun, in which words similar in sound but with different meanings are used
pathetic fallacy: Using a word that refers to a human action on something non-human
periphrasis: Substitution of a word or phrase for a proper name
personification/prosopopoeia/a... Attributing applying human qualities to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena
praeteritio: Another word for paralipsis
procatalepsis: Refuting anticipated objections as part of the main argument
prolepsis: Another word for procatalepsis
proslepsis: An extreme form of paralipsis in which the speaker provides great detail while feigning to pass over a topic
rhetorical question: Asking a question as a way of asserting something. Or asking a question not for the sake of getting an answer but for asserting something (or as for in a poem for creating a poetic effect).
simile: An explicit comparison between two things
syllepsis: A form of pun, in which a single word is used to modify two other words, with which it normally would have differing meanings
syncatabasis ("condescension, accommodation"): adaptation of style to the level of the audience
synecdoche: A form of metonymy, in which a part stands for the whole
synesthesia: The description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another.
transferred epithet: The placing of an adjective with what appears to be the incorrect noun
truism: a self-evident statement
tricolon diminuens: A combination of three elements, each decreasing in size
tricolon crescens: A combination of three elements, each increasing in size
zeugma: a figure of speech related to syllepsis, but different in that the word used as a modifier is not compatible with one of the two words it modifies
zoomorphism: applying animal characteristics to humans or gods
There are 8 that I know. I hope this helps you. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections. YOU may surf the web for definitions and examples. If this is an assignment, I think you need to learn to find the rest of them yourself. Good luck
I can't give you 5 examples, but I'll at least give you one for each. Once you know the names, you should be able to find tons of examples.
Simile - two things shown to be similar in some way - "His hair is as white as snow"
Metaphor - one thing is equated with another - "John is a teddy bear"
Hyperbole - exaggeration to effect an emotional response - "It will take me a million years to answer this question!"
Oxymoron - two contradictory words used together - "This chocolate is bittersweet"
Metonymy - one thing used to refer to another - "The pen is mightier than the sword" (pen = writer, sword = fighter)
Synecdoche - part represents the whole (a kind of metonymy) - "There are two mouths to feed in my family"
Personification - an inanimate object or animal is given human qualities - "The moon smiled upon me"
Apostrophe - speaking to an inanimate object, or to a person who is absent - "Oh rain, how much longer will you fall upon me?"
I've got eight there. Irony is another one, but I'm blanking on the other three.
Hope this helps!
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