Answers:
This is a really interesting question because while looking for the answer the ONE thing I did not run into was a mention of an official United States Merchant Navy or Merchant Marine.
The most official return I got was for the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
at
http://www.usmma.edu/
Well that made me curious so I checked further and found a really helpful article in Wikipedia. I don't know how you feel about Wikipedia, but it does point a person towards some valuable links.
The article is at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/united_stat...
and here's an excerpt:
United States Merchant Marine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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“USMM” redirects here. For Nadym Airport, see Nadym Airport.
United States Merchant Marine
Seal of the US Merchant Marine
Ships: 465 (>1000 GRT)
Deck Officers: 29,000
Marine Engineers: 12,000
Unlicensed: 28,000
Source: Water Transportation Occupations. U.S. DOL, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved on 2007-03-31.
Statistics for the Shipping Industry of United States
Total: 465 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
Totalling: 10,590,325 GRT/13,273,133 DWT
Cargo ships
Bulk ships 67
Barge carrier 7
Cargo ship 91
Container ships 76
Roll-on/Roll-off ships 27
Refrigerated cargo ships 3
Vehicle carrier 20
Tanker ships
Chemical tanker ships 20
Specialized tanker ships 1
Petroleum tanker ships 76
Passenger ships
General passenger ships 19
Combined passenger/cargo 58
[show]Foreign Ownership and Documentation
Note: Of these, 51 are foreign-owned: Australia 2, Canada 4, Denmark 24, Germany 2, Greece 1, Malaysia 4, Netherlands 4, Norway 2, Singapore 2, Sweden 5, Taiwan 1. 700 United States ships are registered in other countries: Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 3, Bahamas 121, Belize 5, Bermuda 27, Cambodia 8, Canada 2, Cayman Islands 41, Comoros 2, Cyprus 7, Greece 1, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 21, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 3, Italy 15, North Korea 3, South Korea 7, Liberia 93, Luxembourg 3, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 143, Netherlands 13, Netherlands Antilles 1, Norway 13, Panama 94, Peru 1, Philippines 8, Portugal 1, Puerto Rico 3, Qatar 1, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21, Sierra Leone 1, Singapore 7, Spain 7, Sweden 1, Trinidad and Tobago 1, United Kingdom 6, Vanuatu 1, Wallis and Futuna 1. 2006 estimates.
Source: This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.
Main article: Ship transport
The United States Merchant Marine is made up of the nation's civilian-owned merchant ships and the men and women that crew them. The merchant marine transports cargo and passengers during peace time. In time of war, the merchant marine[1] is an auxiliary to the Navy, and can be called upon to deliver troops and supplies for the military.
I'd suggest you look at the "see also" section of the article.
Good luck to you.
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