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There are both public (government-operated) and private (tuition-based) schools. Each locality runs its own school system, so there is quite a bit of variation. Nevertheless, the most common system is to have two semesters per academic year. Generally, the first, or Fall, semester, begins at the end of August or beginning of September, and runs through December or January. The second (Spring) semester begins in January and ends in May or June. Some schools are on a "tri-mester" system, but this is more common in college.
There are 12 academic years before admission to college. Most areas also have a Kindergarten program to get children used to going to school before academic work begins. Kindergartners are typically 5 years old. After that, there are grades 1 through12, ending with graduation from High School.
Students are promoted from one grade to another based on their accomplishment in the current grade. Some schools have also permitted "social promotion," where students are passed along to the next grade regardless of their performance, but this is getting less common. Many schools now have standard tests to ensure that students have mastered certain key subjects.
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Generally grades k through 12 (high school) are in session from September through June (most locations). One must complete courses in math,science English, social science (history) as well as numerous electives such as foreign languages, music, industrial arts, to name a few.
Secondary education is varied. One can complete some trade training in as short as a year. An Associates degree takes about 2 years to complete, and a baccalaureates degree (the most prevalent) usually takes about 4 years to complete.
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