Answers:
Sir Joseph Priestley
Dr. Trojan.
In 1770, the noted scientist Sir Joseph Priestley (discoverer of oxygen) recorded the following, "I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil." Europeans were rubbing out pencil marks with the small cubes of rubber, the substance that Condamine had brought to Europe from South America. They called their erasers "peaux de negres". However, rubber was not an easy substance to work with because it went bad very easily -- just like food, rubber would rot. English engineer, Edward Naime is also credited with the creation of the first eraser in 1770. Before rubber, breadcrumbs had been used to erase pencil marks. Naime claims he accidentally picked up a piece of rubber instead of his lump of bread and discovered the possibilities, he went on to sell the new rubbing out devices or rubbers.
In 1839, Charles Goodyear discovered a way to cure rubber and make it a lasting and useable material. He called his process vulcanization, after Vulcan, the Roman god of fire. In 1844, Goodyear patented his process. With the better rubber available, erasers became quite common.
The first patent for attaching an eraser to a pencil was issued in 1858 to a man from Philadelphia named Hyman Lipman. This patent was later held to be invalid because it was merely the combination of two things, without a new use.
Prior to using rubber, white bread (without crust) was used to erase the mark of graphite pencil and charcoal. It is still sometimes used for that by charcoal artists.
In 1776, scientist Joseph Priestley noted, "I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil."
Also in 1770, Edward Naime, an English engineer, is credited with creating the first rubber eraser, and reportedly was selling natural rubber erasers for the astonishingly high price of 3 shillings per half-inch cube. According to Naime himself, he inadvertently picked up a piece of rubber instead of breadcrumbs, discovered rubber's erasing properties, and began selling rubber erasers. Incidentally, this was the first practical application of the substance in Europe, and rubbing out the pencil marks gave it its English name.
However, rubber in its raw form shared the same inconveniences as bread, since it was perishable and would go bad over time. In 1839, inventor Charles Goodyear discovered the process of vulcanization, a method that would cure rubber and make it a durable material. Rubber erasers became common with this advent of vulcanized rubber.
On March 30, 1858, Hymen Lipman of Philadelphia, USA, received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. It was later invalidated because it was determined to be simply a composite of two devices rather than an entirely new product.
1770, the noted scientist Sir Joseph Priestley (discoverer of oxygen) recorded the following, "I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil." Europeans were rubbing out pencil marks with the small cubes of rubber, the substance that Condamine had brought to Europe from South America. They called their erasers "peaux de negres". However, rubber was not an easy substance to work with because it went bad very easily -- just like food, rubber would rot.
In 1839, Charles Goodyear discovered a way to cure rubber and make it a lasting and useable material. He called his process vulcanization, after Vulcan, the Roman god of fire. In 1844, Goodyear patented his process. With the better rubber available, erasers became quite common.
The first patent for attaching an eraser to a pencil was issued in 1858 to a man from Philadelphia named Hyman Lipman. This patent was later held to be invalid because it was merely the combination of two things, without a new use.
Today's pencil erasers are made from either a synthetic rubber compound or from vinyl. In either case, the raw material is blended to the proper consistency and is put into a machine called an "extruder." The eraser material is forced through a small hole producing a long ribbon of eraser.
Each ribbon is cut into strands about 3 feet in length. If the eraser is made of synthetic rubber, the strands are placed in a "vulcanizer," which cooks them under pressure to cure the rubber. When cool, the strands are put into a rotary cutter and chopped into bits -- called plugs. (Vinyl eraser strands go straight to the rotary cutter -- vinyl does not need to be vulcanized!)
Rubber eraser plugs must be tumbled to round-off the edges. The tumbler is a big drum that rotates slowly -- and it holds 600 pounds of rubber eraser plugs at a time! Vinyl eraser plugs do not need to be tumbled -- they're ready to insert right from the cutter
Factoid #1: A lot of erasers are made by pencils manufacturers! That makes sense, since we think of the eraser as a regular component of the everyday pencil. But pencils didn't always have erasers. The first patent for attaching an eraser to a pencil was issued in 1858 to a man from Philadelphia named Hyman Lipman. And even today in Europe, most pencils are sold without erasers!
Factoid #2: Erasers weren't always called erasers! The item was originally referred to as a "rubber," because the tree resin it was made of "rubbed out" marks made by a pencil. In Great Britain, the eraser is still called a "rubber!"
Factoid #3: To eraser manufacturers, those little erasers on the ends of pencils aren't called "erasers" at all. They call them "plugs!"
Factoid #4: More and more of today's erasers are made from something other than rubber! While some of the "pink" erasers you find on pencils are made from synthetic rubber blended with pumice (a grit that enhances its ability to erase), an increasing number of erasers are made from vinyl. Vinyl is a type of durable, flexible plastic
i guess they were two different people.
--Joseph Priestley discovered it...
In 1776, scientist Joseph Priestley noted, "I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil."
and Edward Naime, created it as stated here...
Edward Naime, an English engineer, is credited with creating the first rubber eraser.
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