Answers:
1822 - a pair of british guys.
Mechanical pencils were patented in 1877. My source didn't say who thought of it.
They were improved up to the level for use as drafting pencils in 1976, though a lot of folks use the regular ones for private work and preference, and I imagine you could use a drafting pencil whenever you chose too, as well; they hold 12 leads at a time!
Try http://www.pencils.com/ for more information.
The first mechanical pencil was invented in Britain in the early 1820s, and patented by John Hawkins and Sampson Mordon in 1822.
The mechanical pencil was first invented in Britain in 1822 by Sampson Mordan and Gabriel Riddle. Earliest Mordan/Mechanical pencils are hallmarked SMGR. Sampson Mordan continued manufacturing pencils and a wide range of silver objects until the second world war when their factory was bombed.
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